Belly fat has long been thought to be particularly bad for your
heart, but now, a new study adds more evidence to the idea that it may
also be bad for your brain.
Scientists link brain shrinkage to belly size |
The study, from the United Kingdom, found that people who were obese
and had a high waist-to-hip ratio (a measure of belly fat) had slightly
lower brain volumes, on average, compared with people who were a healthy
weight. Specifically, belly fat was linked with lower volumes of gray
matter, the brain tissue that contains nerve cells.
“Our research looked at a large group of people and found obesity,
specifically around the middle, may be linked with brain shrinkage,”
lead study author Mark Hamer, a professor at Loughborough University’s
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences in Leicestershire,
England, said in a statement.
Lower brain volume, or brain shrinkage, has been linked with an increased risk of memory decline and dementia.
The new findings, published Jan. 9 in the journal Neurology, suggest
that the combination of obesity (as measured by body mass index, or BMI)
and a high waist-to-hip ratio may be a risk factor for brain shrinkage,
the researchers said.
However, the study found only an association between belly fat and
lower brain volume, and cannot prove that carrying more fat around the
waist actually causes brain shrinkage.
It could be that people with lower volumes of gray matter in certain
brain areas are at a higher risk of obesity. Future studies are needed
to tease out the reasons for the link.
Belly fat, also called visceral fat, is fat that’s stored deep within
the abdominal cavity. It’s tied to greater health risks than
subcutaneous fat, or fat that’s stored just under the skin. Previous
studies have linked visceral fat with a higher risk of heart disease
(including heart attack and stroke), Type 2 diabetes, high blood
pressure and premature death, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Some previous studies have also found a link between visceral fat or a
high waist-to-hip ratio and lower brain volume, but these studies
tended to be small and did not look at the combined effect of BMI and
waist-to-hip ratio.
In the new study, the researchers analysed information from more than
9,600 people living in the United Kingdom, with an average age of 55.
Participants had their BMI and waist-to-hip ratio measured, and
underwent an MRI to determine their brain volumes.
The study found that people with both a high BMI and high
waist-to-hip ratio had the lowest brain volumes, compared with people
who had just a high BMI (but not a high waist-to-hip ratio) and people
of a healthy weight.
Specifically, people with both a high BMI and high waist-to-hip ratio
had an average gray matter volume of 786 cubic centimetres, compared
with 793 cubic centimetres for people with a high BMI but not a high
waist-to-hip ratio; and 798 cubic centimetres for people of a healthy
weight.
The findings held even after researchers took into account other
factors that can affect brain volume, including age, smoking and high
blood pressure.
Though the study didn’t look at potential mechanisms linking visceral
fat and brain shrinkage, one hypothesis is that this type of fat is
thought to produce inflammatory substances that may play a role in brain
atrophy, the researchers said.
Dr. Gayatri Devi, a neurologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York,
who was not involved with the study, agreed with the findings. “Brain
gray matter shrinkage…seems to be associated with obesity and with
increased visceral fat,” she said.
“All this goes to show that good general health is very important for good brain health,” Devi told Live Science.
A limitation of the study is that people who agreed to take part in
the study tended to be healthier than people who did not want to take
part, so the results may not apply to the general population as a whole,
the researchers noted.
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